Disruptions in Sperm Production
A spermogram assesses male fertility.
The essential parameters are:
- sperm count
- sperm motility
- sperm morphology.
Low sperm count: OLIGOZOOSPERMY
Few sperm with high motility: ASTHENOZOOSPERMY
Few sperm with normal morphology: TERATOZOOSPERMY
Disturbance of all three parameters: OAT-Syndrom
Other factors may lead to limited fertility:
- undescended testicle
- varicocele
- mumps
- hormone imbalances
- inflammation
- stress
- alcohol and nicotine use
- environment pollution
- diabetes
- operated tumors, chemotherapy, radiotherapy
- genetic causes (e.g.: Klinefelter's Syndrome)
Disruptions in Sperm Transfer
Even when a sufficient amount of viable sperm is produced, the pathway might still be blocked. The result is a lack of sperm in ejaculation (Azoospermia).
Causes:
- blockage of the spermatic duct due to inflammation
- sterilization (vasectomy)
In rare cases, spermatic ducts never form.
