MESA - MICROSURGICAL EPIDYDIMAL SPERM ASPIRATION
Sperm is micro-surgically extracted from the epididymis using a fine needle. The amount of extracted sperm is usually minimal, leading to a second possibility of extracting tissue directly from the testes (see TESE).
TESE - TESTICULAR SPERM EXTRACTION
Tissue is removed directly from the testes by a percutaneous testes puncture or by open testes biopsy (testes will be excised). Small tissue samples are taken and microscopically analyzed to determine if the tissue contains viable sperm.
